The idea of feeding cattle seaweed to reduce methane emissions has gained global attention. Cows produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas, contributing significantly to climate change. California’s cattle are responsible for over half of the state’s methane emissions, and the beef industry globally accounts for 9% of all greenhouse gases. Studies show that certain seaweeds, like Asparagopsis taxiformis, can reduce methane production by inhibiting a specific enzyme without affecting the cows’ weight or the taste of beef and milk.
Luke Gardner, a Sea Grant Extension Specialist in California, was intrigued by this but knew Asparagopsis is difficult to farm and not native to California. Supported by the Ocean Protection Council, Gardner’s team explored local seaweed species for similar effects. They tested 28 species, finding that while Asparagopsis reduced methane by 80%, Gracilaria species reduced it by only 10-20%. Gracilaria is easier to grow and already used industrially, making it a feasible alternative.
Gardner’s team discovered that increasing bromoform, the compound reducing methane, in Gracilaria could be achieved through more sunlight and desiccation. However, growing Gracilaria in less ideal conditions resulted in lower yields, limiting the scope of feeding trials. The small-scale study showed less reduction in methane, suggesting more seaweed is needed for better results.
Despite the challenges, Gardner believes improving seaweed farming infrastructure in California is crucial. Gracilaria might still offer a viable solution, potentially more palatable for cows than Asparagopsis, which might impact their feed intake if used in higher concentrations. Gardner continues his work, aiming to benefit both the environment and the cattle industry.
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