A new international research project has found that seaweed and mussel farming can increase wild fish populations and bolster species diversity, whilst also providing a sustainable food source for humans.
A research project by the University of Auckland and the University of New England studied the diversity and abundance of wild fish and invertebrates on kelp and mussel farms compared to non-farmed sites in the Hauraki Gulf and the Gulf of Maine. Supported by The Nature Conservancy, the study found that mussel and seaweed farming can provide habitat and food for marine species. Dr. Andrew Jeffs from the University of Auckland noted that fish populations on farm sites in the Hauraki Gulf were as diverse and abundant as those on non-farm sites, with farm-site fish consuming more nutritious diets.
In Maine, the research emphasized the seasonal nature of kelp farming, finding no significant difference in species abundance or diversity between farmed and non-farmed sites during the kelp growing season. Dr. Carrie Byron from the University of New England highlighted that while farm ecosystems are not replacements for wild ecosystems, they offer restorative benefits and climate buffering.
The future of the industry hinges on social acceptance and consumer valuation of ecosystem services provided by aquaculture. Research involving the University of New England, University of Massachusetts, and Stanford University revealed that U.S. consumers are willing to pay more for seaweed products after learning about their environmental benefits, indicating potential for market growth. Dr. Heidi Alleway of The Nature Conservancy emphasized the importance of continuing this research to maximize aquaculture’s environmental potential.
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